Aeroplane



F. LOSKE Aug. 20, 1935.

AEROPLANE Filed June 14, 1934 4 Sheets-Sheet I l m wm E M0 Aug. 20, 1935. LOSKE 2,012,104

AEROPLANE Filed June 14, 1934 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 ATTORNEY YINVENTOR A iii Eda/f L'wl'e Aug. 20, 1935. F. LOSKE 2,012,104

' AEROPLANE I Filed June 14, 1934 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 lllllillll"llil llmllllil umnlmllljfillul niii' f INVENTOR ATTORNEY F. LOSKE Aug. 20, 1935.

AEROPLANE Filed June 14, 1934 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVEN' I'OR Finn/(Z052? Q8 Q s 1 Y UNITED STATES PatentedAug- 1935 I r v AERO PL ANE Frank'Loslre, Brooklyn, I xAppl ication June 14; 1934,:Serial No. 730,577 13 Claims. (cl; 244925 V a I w I Fig." 5 is a sectional front elevation thereof. I

This'invention relates to an aeroplane either for use as such forthe'transportation of passengers and freight, or which, when constructed on a smaller'scale may be suitably used as a toy.

It is the principal object of my invention to. provide the aeroplane with a plurality of auxiliary propellers which, incase the motor is stalled,

' can be driven by the intermediary of a plurality of hand operated, springpower developing, and gear actuated means, 'or by an auxiliary motor to prevent a too rapidgdescent'of the aeroplane,

p Another object of my invention is the provision of an aeroplaneof this type including a Y novel power developing shaft arrangement for 7 hand or be used as a glider.

driving the auxiliary propellers either by' ahand operated spring controlled system anauxiliary motor. V W 7 Still another object of my inventionis the provision of an aeroplane equipped with hollow wings having openings in the bottom thereof normally closed by a spring controlled sliding plate while wind wheels arranged inalignment with these openings are operated by air pressure during a rapid descent of the aeroplane to slacken its p d- 7 r c Afurther object of my invention is themeof gears orby vision of an aeroplane provided with anovel and t:

description thereofrprocee'dsjand will men specifically'defined in the'appended 'claimsf;

" In the accompanying drawings forming. afniaterial part of this disclosure:

Fig.1 is aside elevation of structed according to my invention,. part of the body being broken away j to illustrate thei'nterior arrangement. j f" Fig;'2 is a sectional front elevation thereof, the section being taken on-line 2 -2 of Figure 1. T

" "Fig. 3 is" a fra l wer. win

.pig, 4 isd t I v Shaft arrangement.

an aeroplane con-f en a rl iidm Plan, v ewi e i view of a power "developin Fi 6 is an inner view of a rear end ofthe ar-,

rangementFigure 4 seen rows 6-6of Figure 4. p c V Fig. 7isa sectional side elevation of a manually operated propeller, spring power developing propulsion system.

inthe direction of ar Fig. 8 is an inner view'ther'eof seen in the direc} tion of arrows 8-8 of Figure '7.

' Figure 9isa modified formrof'motor arrange}v ment.- c Fig; 10 is-a modified form ofa wind wheel drive.

Fig. 11 is a central section through thedrive Figure it), the section being taken on line ll-cll ofFigurell); Fig. 12 is a' sectional inner View of a coupling member, the section beingtaken on line |2- l2 of Figure 1.

Figure '13 isa sectional-detailview of a manu ally operated propulsion system section on line l3l3 of Figure 2.

Y 'Fig.-14-is a front elevation of an aeroplane witht alremovable motor for manual propulsion.

Fig.;l5 is as'ectional side elevation-thereof.

Fig.-16 is asectional side elevation ofa clutch.

As illustrated, an aeroplaneof any'customary ,bi-plane type has its body In equipped with the normal upper and lower wings I I and l-Z rudder l3, verticalrstabilizer l4 and horizontal stabilizers l5, tail skid (Sand front landing gear IT.

The fuselage of the aeroplane carries a main motor= I8 driving the main propeller 19in the usual manner. r

' The wings are'preferablyhollow, and the lower wing 12 is provided to either side of the cabin 20 with a plurality o'f openings 2| adapted to be closed by'a sliding plate'22 having similar *open-r ings' and displaceable in suitable" guides; while a spring 23 having its ends connected to pins ;24 tends to draw'the platen-into a position to close openings ill. v

l .Tlie fuselage frame 25 gear 33 on the shaft of propeller 34 a n the lower W e 2, tobo'th side's ofthe cabin v i "a sh'aft 36"is jofurnaledcarrying at cer tain in fteivals' bevel gears 36' in mesh with bevel gears V 31'on" the shafts ofwind wheelstfl'above the} openings 2l. -The innerend of '36 carries a gear or pinion 39.-

carries also to either side of .cabinj20a shaft 26' inlsuitable bearings 2? for auxiliary prop ellers 28, 29 and a shaft" 30- for apropeller s-l-i 'Shaft 30 for' propeller 3l carr'ies" alsoa bevel gearf32 in mesh with a bevel hand lever 45 to serve the plate inwardly against the action of spring 23 to uncover the openings 2| in the lower wing I2.

The manual operation of the auxiliary propellers is effected by means of the following construction: A plurality of cranks 42 are arranged in the cabin 28 each attached to the outer end of a spindle 43 journaled in the inner wall 44 and the outer wall of the cabin 20.

The spindles 43 of the cranks of the entire system carry each a small ratchet gear 45, in which a pawl lfi is engaged and held in engagement by means of a spring 4i, and a large gear 48 integral with a smaller gear 49, while a spiral spring 50 is secured with one end to spindle 43, while its other end is attached to a bracket 5! in the cabin wall.

Between each two crank shafts of the system, as shown in Figure 1, spindles 52 carrying smaller gears 53 and larger gears 54 in mesh with the gears on the crank shafts are arranged.

To increase the power developed-I attachto the outer ends of spindles 43, a forked member55 about which a spring 56 is woundbetween the lower enlarged head and the inner end of an inclined rod 5? guided in the space between the forks of member 55. v p p i The inclined rod or shaft 51 is guided intermediate its endsin abearing 58, while its outer endis suspended by means of a spring 53 between the forks at the lower end of a knee member 663 in which a shaft '3 I is attached, journaled in a brace '52 between wings II and I2.

Shaft 6i carries a chaingear 63 over which a chained is guided which is also guided over a gear I35 on shaft 66 carrying at its other end a gear 61 over which a chain 68 is guided, also guided over, a gear 58 at the inner end of shaft 36 driving auxiliary propellers 3! and 3d.

Inalignment with the openings 2i in the bottom-of wing I 2, similar openings 69 are arranged in the top of the wing over which vents. or flues mare provided ending below wing II and braced against the same by means of braces 'II,

As previously mentioned, l'have described. the drive on one side of the cabin 20 only; and that adrive as aforedescribed is also arranged on the opposite side of cabin 2U. V The auxiliary motor drive is follows:

constructed as The $ha t of th auxiliary mtor i2 carries a 1 1 ar of mwtion than its outer and l chain gear 13 over which a chain I4 is guided also guided over a sprocket wheel I5 at the inner end of shaft 3%.

While the cranks 42, and the gear construction operated thereby are chiefly designed to give the springs a tension necessary to develop the desireddriving power, this power is then usefully employed by means I of the arrangement illustrated in Figure 13 according to ,which the spindles QScarry also a number of cranks I6 operating a sprocket wheel 'I'I over which a chain 'I8 -is guided which is also guided over a sprocket wheel I9 on'the neighboring shaft 43 which also carries a sprocket wheel 83 over which a chain 8I is guided also guided over a sprocket wheel 82 on the adjacent shaft 66 and so forth, if necessity requires. Y s

' In order to assist the forwards drive of the aeroplane a prope11er 83 is providedon a shaft 84 journaled in the fuselage and carries a sprocket wheel 85 at its inner end over which a chain 86 is guided also guided over a sprocket wheel gl on a shaft 88 which carries also a sprocket wheel 89 overwhicha'chain 9B is guided also running 'over a sprocket wheel SI on a shaft or spindle 92 which can be clutched to or be declutched from the shaft of the main motor by means of the following clutching mechanism:

The motor shaft carries a disc 93 having a plurality of openings 94 arranged in a circle about the motor shaft and adapted to be engaged by the outer ends of bars or rods 95, the inner ends of which are held apart by means of a spring and the rods are pushed in and out of engagement with the openings in disc 93 by means of a handle 96. V V

Shaft 88' also carries a bevel gear 91 in mesh with a bevel gear 98 on shaft 26 so that also auxiliary propellers 28, 29 can be driven from the main belt drive from the main motor I8, the shaft 99 of which carries a sprocket wheel I over which a belt IBI is guided, also guided over a sprocket wheel I02 on shaft I03 carrying belt pulleys i0 3 havinga driving connectionby means of a belt I with belt pulleys I96 on shaft Hill.

In Figures, and 11, I have shown a modified form of drive for the :pro'pellers 598 which are in this form replacing the wind. wheels 38, the'sha'fts for which carry bevel gears I89 with which bevel gears I It on shafts I I I'cooperate, the inner ends of which carry gears I I2 in mesh with gears H3 on ashaft I I4 journaled in a frame in cabin 26. Within this frame the 'shaft I'M carries a bevel gear H5 in mesh with gears H6 and IN; on shafts I IB'and II9 respectively carrying sprocket wheels. I20 and I 2| respectively frorhwhich are driven the'auxiliary propellers. i

The device operates as follows: 7 If 'for one or the other reason the main motor is stalled and the aeroplane starts todes cend, the springs 58 aretensioned by the operation of v the handles42 and as soon as enough power has been developed the same is transmitted by means of the operationsof handles 16 and the power 'developing device illustrated in Figures 5, Sand 7 to operate auxiliary propellers 3i and 34. The rotation of shaft 43 will also rotate the inner end of the spring cushioned slanting shaft '51, the outer sneer which is suspended between; the Tpr'ongs of the forked lower end of knee member 80 to Whichfsha ft BI is attached so'that' the 'i'nnerend of shaft 51 describes a te driven 'by'ineans" ,or the auxiliary motor 1'2 throughvi the intermediaryfof the gear and belt drives;for,fthe1auxili'aryipropellersr ,i "If the fiight or the a ropm e in'fa forward dir ectioflis to be assisted by the rear propellers 83; the gsame maylbe clutched flbyw the operation 7 5r tri clutch rods sisjte themotor shaft.

:As :1 it l :LFi f a ath aeroplane has a substantially similar gonstruc 9 91.11 oaths a rcr t ll stra e n ur s lan 2 with the exception that the motor I'2-2- is removable or can be cut off, and the aeroplane in that case may then be manually propelled.

The aeroplane I22 preferably of the monoplane type has a hollow wing I23, the bottom part of which has, a plurality of openings I24 to both sides of the cabin I25 adapted to be closed by means of slide plates I26 having similar 3 openings and operated by means of the central control and locking member I21 normally holding the openings of slide plates and bottom of Y wing in alignment against the action of springs I28 tending to slide plates I26 intoposition to close openings I24.

Within the wing I23 a shaft I29 is I33 located above the openings I24.

The shaft I29 carries in its center a bevel gear- -I34:in mesh with a bevel gear I35 on a shaft I48 to bring bevel gear I49 on clutch member I41 I in or out of engagement with a bevel gear I50 on shaft I5I which also carries a sprocket wheel I52 around which a chain or belt I53 is guided which is also guided over a sprocket wheel I54 on the shaft 57 of the power developing device illustrated in Figure 1 and'describedabove.

A pair of propeller blades I55 on shafts I5I are intended to give additional impetus during the flight of the aeroplane without motors.

-The spring tensioning and auxiliary propeller operating meansin this form of my invention are the same as those described with respect to Figures 1 and 2.

It will be understood that I have described and shown the preferred forms of my invention only as a few examples of the manypossible ways to practically construct, my aeroplane and that I may make such changes in the generalarrangement thereof and in the construction of its minor details as come within the scope'of the appended claims without departure from the spirit of I my invention and the principles in-, volved, so for instance, I can conveniently replace the chain drives by belt drives, etc.

Having thus described my invention what I journaled' in suitable bearings orhangers I30 and carries at certain intervals bevel gears I3I in'mesh' withbevel gears I32 on the shafts of propellerclaim as new and Patent is:

1. A motor propelled I aeroplane comprising hollow wings, the lower of said wings provided with a plurality of openings, aspring controlled desire to secure by Letters slide plate having similar openings as the wing,

but normally closing the openings in said wing, a means to operate said slide plate to bring the openings in wing and slide plate into ali nment,

wind wheels above said openings in the said wing having their shafts equipped with bevel gears, and a motor operated shaft in said hollow wing carrying bevel gears in mesh with the bevel gears v on the'wind wheel shafts to operate said wind wheels when the openings in wing and slide plate are in alignment for retarding the descent of the aeroplane when its motor stalls, and air tubes in thetop of the hollow wing above the openings therein ending below the upper wing toassist said wind wheels in the braking of the descent.

2,111 motor operated aircraft, including a cabin, auxiliary propellers on'their shafts to be operated in cases of emergency when the motor stalls, manually. operated crank shafts, and a means to increase the power developed thereby,'

said means comprising a forked member attached to the outer end of said crank shaft, an inclined rod having one of its ends guided in the fork of said member, a forked knee member in the fork of which the other end of said inclined rod. is suspended by means'of a spring, said inclined shaft to be rotated upon the manual operation of said crank shafts, with increased velocity at its end guided in the forked knee member, and a means to transmit the power developed to the spindles of said auxiliary propellers. Y

3. In a'motor' operated aeroplane, ar-motor driven front propeller, and an auxiliary rear propeller, a drive for said auxiliary rear propeller includinga sprocket wheel and its spindle,fa means to couple and uncouplethe drive for said auxiliary propeller to and from the shaft of the motor driven frontal propeller, said means comprising a disc on the motor shaft having a plurality of openings arranged in a circle about said motor shaft, bars or' rods engaging with their outer ends the openings in said disc, a

spring for holding the inner ends of said rods. apart, anda handle engaging said rods to compress said springs to engage the spindle of the sprocket wheel withthe shaft of the front propeller to couple the same with the auxiliary.

propeller. FRANK LOSKE. 

